Top 100 DAWN Vocabulary words for CSS/PMS
1. Governance & Politics
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Austerity | کفایت شعاری | The government announced austerity measures to control inflation. |
| Bureaucracy | نوکر شاہی | Excessive bureaucracy delays project approvals. |
| Coup | فوجی بغاوت | The military coup destabilized the region. |
| Dissent | اختلاف رائے | Journalists face risks for expressing dissent. |
| Embezzlement | غبن | The officer was arrested for embezzlement of funds. |
2. Economy & Finance
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Default | ڈیفالٹ | Pakistan fears another debt default. |
| Fiscal | مالیاتی | The fiscal year ends on June 30. |
| Inflation | مہنگائی | Inflation hit a record 40% this year. |
| Monopoly | اجارہ داری | The telecom monopoly was broken by new competitors. |
| Remittance | ترسیلات زر | Remittances from overseas Pakistanis boost the economy. |
3. Law & Judiciary
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Acquittal | بریت | The court announced his acquittal due to lack of evidence. |
| Contempt | توہین عدالت | The lawyer was fined for contempt of court. |
| Extradition | استرداد | The suspect fought extradition to the US. |
| Perjury | جھوٹی گواہی | She was charged with perjury for lying under oath. |
| Subpoena | گواہی کا حکم | The journalist ignored the subpoena. |
4. Conflict & Security
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Ceasefire | جنگ بندی | The UN brokered a fragile ceasefire. |
| Insurgency | بغاوت | The insurgency spread to new districts. |
| Sanctions | پابندیاں | Sanctions crippled the country’s banking sector. |
| Surveillance | نگرانی | Mass surveillance raised privacy concerns. |
| Truce | صلح | The truce collapsed after 48 hours. |
5. Social Issues
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Famine | قحط | Droughts may lead to famine in Sindh. |
| Gender | جنس | Gender disparities persist in education. |
| Literacy | خواندگی | Literacy rates improved in Punjab. |
| Refugee | مہاجر | Afghan refugees face deportation threats. |
| Stagnation | جمود | Economic stagnation increased unemployment. |
6. International Relations
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Arbitration | ثالثی | The Kashmir dispute requires international arbitration. |
| Bilateral | دو طرفہ | Pakistan signed a bilateral trade agreement with China. |
| Diplomacy | سفارت کاری | Backchannel diplomacy helped ease tensions. |
| Embargo | پابندی | The UN lifted its arms embargo on Pakistan. |
| Neutrality | غیرجانبداری | Switzerland maintained strict neutrality in the conflict. |
7. Economy & Trade
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Cartel | اتحاد | The oil cartel manipulated global prices. |
| Deregulation | ڈی ریگولیشن | Deregulation of the energy sector caused price fluctuations. |
| Inflation | افراط زر | Core inflation reached 25% this quarter. |
| Monopoly | اجارہ داری | The government broke up the sugar monopoly. |
| Tariff | محصول | Import tariffs on luxury goods were increased. |
8. Law & Judiciary
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Acquittal | بریت | The high court upheld his acquittal. |
| Defamation | بدنامی | The minister filed a defamation suit. |
| Extradition | استرداد | The UK approved his extradition to Pakistan. |
| Perjury | جھوٹی گواہی | Witnesses were warned against perjury. |
| Subpoena | گواہی کا حکم | The NAB issued subpoenas to bank officials. |
9. Environment & Climate
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Arid | خشک | Balochistan’s arid zones face water scarcity. |
| Deforestation | جنگلات کی کٹائی | Deforestation increased flood risks in KP. |
| Emissions | اخراج | Carbon emissions exceeded safe limits. |
| Glacier | گلیشیر | Himalayan glaciers are retreating rapidly. |
| Monsoon | مانسون | The monsoon season started earlier than usual. |
10. Technology & Digital
| Word | Urdu Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Algorithm | حساب کاری | Social media algorithms influence elections. |
| Bandwidth | بینڈوتھ | PTA increased internet bandwidth capacity. |
| Cryptocurrency | کرپٹو کرنسی | SBP banned cryptocurrency trading. |
| Firewall | فائر وال | The firewall blocked suspicious activity. |
| Viral | وائرل | The protest video went viral globally. |